Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease an 8×8-inch baking pan or line it with parchment paper.
In a saucepan over low heat, melt the cocoa powder and butter together, stirring until smooth.
Remove from heat and whisk in the granulated sugar and brown sugar until fully combined. Allow the mixture to cool slightly.
Whisk in the eggs one at a time, followed by the vanilla extract, until the batter is glossy and smooth.
Gently fold in the flour until just combined — be careful not to overmix or your brownies will lose that fudgy texture!
Pour half of the batter into the prepared pan. Dollop spoonfuls of peanut butter evenly over the batter, then pour the remaining brownie batter on top. Use a butter knife to swirl gently, creating a marbled effect without fully mixing.
Bake for 25–30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out mostly clean with just a few moist crumbs. Let cool completely in the pan before cutting into squares.